| Probiotics |
Live bacteria |
- Easy to commercialize |
- Hard to colonize on the host’s gut |
| - Steady intake is required |
| Postbiotics |
Killed bacteria or their metabolite |
- Relatively safe |
- Beneficial function may change during inappropriate processing |
| - More stable |
| - Independent on the viability of microorganisms |
| - Available with antibiotics |
| Fecal transplantation |
Live bacteria included in healthy donor’s feces |
- Be supplied with a broader range of microbial diversity and complexity |
- The annoyance of the transplant process |
| - The therapeutic efficacy is dependent on the gut microbiome of the donor |
